Coding question

CPT 99406 and 99407: Billing Smoking Cessation Counseling

The counseling most clinicians already do, unpaid for want of one documented number.

By Michael MacKechnie, MD, CM, FRCSC, FABOS, FAAOS, orthopaedic surgeon. Reviewed August 2026; reflects the 2026 Physician Fee Schedule.
Direct answer
99406 covers tobacco cessation counseling of more than 3 minutes and up to 10 (0.24 wRVU); 99407 covers more than 10 minutes (0.50 wRVU). Exactly 3 minutes qualifies for neither, and the note must state the exact minutes, the tobacco use, and the counseling content. Medicare covers two quit attempts per 12 months, up to four sessions each, eight sessions a year. The counseling is usually already happening; the missing element is almost always the number.

The two codes

CodeCounseling timewRVU
99406More than 3 minutes, up to 100.24
99407More than 10 minutes0.50

Both are add on style services reported alongside the visit; they are not a substitute for it. The gate is the word MORE: exactly 3 minutes supports neither code, which is why a note that says "counseled about 3 minutes" earns nothing while "spent 4 minutes counseling on tobacco cessation" earns 0.24.

What the note needs

Three things: the tobacco use, the counseling content (advised quitting, discussed methods, pharmacotherapy, or referral), and the exact minutes as a number. The minutes are the element clinicians skip, and the counseling then vanishes at coding.

One sentence does it: "Spent 6 minutes counseling the patient on tobacco cessation: advised complete cessation, discussed nicotine replacement options and a quit date, offered quitline referral."

Frequency and coverage

Medicare covers two cessation attempts per 12 months, each with up to four sessions, a ceiling of eight counseling sessions a year, and covers them for any tobacco user. Commercial coverage is broadly similar under preventive benefits; verify the plan when this becomes routine in your clinic.

Why it compounds

A surgeon or clinician who addresses smoking with every user, a habit that improves the outcomes of everything else you do, and documents the minutes, adds 0.24 to 0.50 wRVU to each of those visits. Across a year of clinic that is real money for work already being done. This exact code is where many providers first discover the pattern: performed, documented, and still unpaid for want of one number.

Check it against your own note

Paste a visit into the E/M Assistant; when cessation counseling appears without minutes, the coaching names the sentence that captures it. Copy ready phrases live in the documentation templates.

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